Abstract Ovomucoid (OVM) is one of the glycoproteins in egg white which is heat resistant protein and to have protease inhibitor activity, that has potential as an anti-cancer. The aim of this study was to purify and characterize ovomucoid from four types of poultry eggs (commercial chickens, native chickens, ducks and Muscovy ducks). We analyzed the protein profile on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the secondary structure on Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, amino acid profiles and protease inhibitor activity. The results showed that the ovomucoid profile on SDS-PAGE of most eggs was in the range of 35 kDa, except for commercial chicken egg which was 40 kDa. The ovomucoid spectra on FTIR of poultry eggs were similar, and indicate the presence of a specific band for carbohydrate contents at the wavelength of 894 to 1249 cm-1. There was similar content in amino acid profile of ovomucoid, except duck ovomucoid showed the highest in methionine contents. The activity of protease inhibitors in duck ovomucoid was highest than other ovomucoid. In conclusion, among the ovomucoid of poultry eggs were found variations in SDS profile, specific band in FTIR spectra, amino acid content of methionine and also protease inhibitor activity.

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the quality of kefir with combined additions of oat milk (8, 12, and 16% w/v) and Lacticaseibacillus casei AP (2 and 4% v/v), and observed the products’ physicochemical characteristics (nutrient content, pH and acidity, viscosity and syneresis, ethanol concentration, and fatty acid profiles), microbiological characteristics (total lactic acid bacteria, total plate count, total probiotic, and total yeast), and sensory characteristics. The result showed that an increasing level of oat milk addition decreased water content and improved viscosity. A combination of 16% oat milk and 4% (v/v) L. casei AP increased the viscosity and water content, and resulted in the highest favorability and acceptability of kefir products. However, the increased concentration of L. casei AP inoculum and oat milk quantity did not affect microbiological qualities. It can be concluded that incorporating 16% oat milk and 4% L. casei AP improves the physical quality and sensory characteristics of kefir products.

Abstract Fortification of compounds that contain functional components can improve product quality without affecting the product characteristics in the storage. This study evaluated the effect of supplementing Moringa leaf powder (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0% w/w) and different storage periods (0, 7, and 14 days) on the quality of goat milk kefir. The observed parameters were microbiological characteristics (total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total plate count or TPC, total yeast) chemical characteristics (total solids, acidity, pH, alcohol level, free fatty acid (FFA)), fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant properties (total phenol and DPPH). The result showed that Moringa leaf powder supplemented into kefir increased acidity, total phenol, and DPPH and decreased the alcohol level. Storage time decreased TPC, total yeast, and total solids but increased alcohol, total phenol, and DPPH. We also identified 31 fatty acids. Supplementing 2% Moringa leaf powder combined with 14-day storage can produce ± twice as much total phenol and DPPH as those in the control group and does not negatively affect the quality of the kefir product.